What's the best way to take care of your Christmas tree? If you purchase a real Christmas tree, the following tips will help it stay in good condition.
The first step is to purchase a tree. It is a good idea to buy trees from lots early, because trees dry out at lots. Store them in water in a shaded location. Try gently pulling on a few of the needles. They should not come off easily. Also, the needles should bend and be flexible. With the exception of Norway Pine, if the needles snap or seem brittle, look for another tree.
Once you get your tree home, cut several inches off the bottom of the trunk. Immediately put the tree into a bucket of clean, warm water. A fresh cut tree takes up an amazing amount of water as it warms up.
Next, make sure your tree stand is clean. Locate your tree in an area away from (drying) heat vents and fireplaces. Transfer the tree to the stand and water with luke-warm to cool water. Additives are not necessary or recommended. There are no potions that preserve trees or make them less flammable. Check the tree stand at least twice a day. Never allow the water level to go below the cut on the bottom of the trunk. If the cut area is exposed to air it seals. The tree will no longer take up water.
Before you decorate, check all lights to make sure there are no frayed wires or broken bulbs. Only use lights that are rated for use indoors. Turn off Christmas tree lights when you go to bed or when you are away from home.
If the tree dries out and the needles start to fall off, take it outdoors. Remove all tinsel and other decorations. The tree can be taken to a site that recycles Christmas trees. You can also stick the tree in a snow bank. String it with popcorn and berries to attract wildlife. Another alternative is to cut off the branches for use as a mulch over bulb and perennial beds. For more information, contact your local Extension office. You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Mycountrytractor.com is the destination for those looking for community info. Mycountrytractor is involved with county events and child involvement to help support local 4-H and FFA events. We have wonderful Agriculture information for our visitors for all your farming and ranching needs
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Monday, November 23, 2009
Chute N The Bull 11-18-09
With the variability of fertilizer prices, it is essential that fertilization schedules be updated and in harmony with optimal economic yield. As a rule, the profitability of a cropping system is dependent on fertilizer applications that are based on sound science and knowledge of the various production risks relative to the desired yield responses. Does this mean that we should increase the amount of fertilizer as long as it gives a little higher yield? No, increased fertilizer applications are not always the best way to increase profits.
Profitability usually results from establishing a realistic yield goal and using appropriate tools and technologies to achieve that goal. The ability to estimate a realistic yield goal, therefore, is critical to farm profitability and sustainability. Yields vary from field to field and year to year, making the establishment of a farm goal difficult. By understanding the variables that affect potential yield, we can begin to make better predictions and establish achievable goals.
Crop yield is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of soil, soil moisture, genetics (varieties), climate, crop management, and weed and pest control. Setting a yield goal based on all these factors is more realistic than relying on previous data. Fertilizer decisions made without a good understanding of these interactions may result in excessive or inadequate applications. Overly optimistic yield goals may result in excessive levels of fertilizer, contamination of surface and underground water, and unwarranted costs. Conversely, inadequate rates can result in low yields, increased costs of production and decreased profitability.
Physical properties such as soil texture, structure, particle density, bulk density, pore space and organic matter interact with fertilizer application and affect yield potential. Soil texture refers to the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay in the soil. It directly affects soil water-holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. Fine-textured soils are characterized by high percentages of clay, which enable a higher water-holding capacity as compared to sandy, coarse-textured soils. Medium-textured soils such as loams, sandy loams and silt loams are ideal for most crops.
Good air and water movement through the soil is critical to root growth. Soil structure refers to the presence of aggregates of soil particles that are bound together to form distinct shapes. This affects root growth, and water and air movement. The better the soil structure, the higher the productivity of soil.
Granular structure (rounded, spherical and lacking sharp cleavage planes), particularly in fine-textured soils, is ideal for air and water movement. Blocky structures, where the height and width of the structures are equal, have good air and water movement. Prismatic structures (height greater than width) result in poor air and water movement, because they swell when wet and shrink when dry. Platy structures (width greater than height) restrict air, water movement and root penetration because particles are tightly packed in the soil. Factors that will change soil structure are root growth, soil organisms, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and cultivation.
Particle density determines the dry soil weight and is measured by the volume of solids in soil. Bulk density is a measure of dry soil mass as compared to the soil volume. The main difference is that bulk density takes into consideration the volume of pores between soil particles. Particle density is a constant, while bulk density can be altered. For example, reduction of organic matter or destruction of soil structure will increase bulk density. Crop productivity decreases with an increase in bulk density, resulting from a reduction in pore volume and nutrient flow.
As you can see, many factors beyond fertilizer application have a significant effect on crop performance and the ability to predict yield.
You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Profitability usually results from establishing a realistic yield goal and using appropriate tools and technologies to achieve that goal. The ability to estimate a realistic yield goal, therefore, is critical to farm profitability and sustainability. Yields vary from field to field and year to year, making the establishment of a farm goal difficult. By understanding the variables that affect potential yield, we can begin to make better predictions and establish achievable goals.
Crop yield is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of soil, soil moisture, genetics (varieties), climate, crop management, and weed and pest control. Setting a yield goal based on all these factors is more realistic than relying on previous data. Fertilizer decisions made without a good understanding of these interactions may result in excessive or inadequate applications. Overly optimistic yield goals may result in excessive levels of fertilizer, contamination of surface and underground water, and unwarranted costs. Conversely, inadequate rates can result in low yields, increased costs of production and decreased profitability.
Physical properties such as soil texture, structure, particle density, bulk density, pore space and organic matter interact with fertilizer application and affect yield potential. Soil texture refers to the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay in the soil. It directly affects soil water-holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. Fine-textured soils are characterized by high percentages of clay, which enable a higher water-holding capacity as compared to sandy, coarse-textured soils. Medium-textured soils such as loams, sandy loams and silt loams are ideal for most crops.
Good air and water movement through the soil is critical to root growth. Soil structure refers to the presence of aggregates of soil particles that are bound together to form distinct shapes. This affects root growth, and water and air movement. The better the soil structure, the higher the productivity of soil.
Granular structure (rounded, spherical and lacking sharp cleavage planes), particularly in fine-textured soils, is ideal for air and water movement. Blocky structures, where the height and width of the structures are equal, have good air and water movement. Prismatic structures (height greater than width) result in poor air and water movement, because they swell when wet and shrink when dry. Platy structures (width greater than height) restrict air, water movement and root penetration because particles are tightly packed in the soil. Factors that will change soil structure are root growth, soil organisms, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and cultivation.
Particle density determines the dry soil weight and is measured by the volume of solids in soil. Bulk density is a measure of dry soil mass as compared to the soil volume. The main difference is that bulk density takes into consideration the volume of pores between soil particles. Particle density is a constant, while bulk density can be altered. For example, reduction of organic matter or destruction of soil structure will increase bulk density. Crop productivity decreases with an increase in bulk density, resulting from a reduction in pore volume and nutrient flow.
As you can see, many factors beyond fertilizer application have a significant effect on crop performance and the ability to predict yield.
You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Chute n the Bull
The year is 2015 and after years of debate among conservation organizations, pro-hunting organizations, animal rights activists and antihunting groups, all forms of hunting in the United States have been banned by the federal government. Is this a real possibility? In my opinion, the answer is yes. Regardless of what some people think, hunting is an opportunity that can be taken away and those who will ultimately decide its fate are the non-hunting public. Currently, the public is mostly undecided on whether hunting is moral, a wholesome activity or still involves the sportsmanlike pursuit of animals.
There are about 12.5 million hunters over the age of 16 in the U.S. It is vital for hunters, both individually and as a group, to demonstrate that hunting is a moral and wholesome activity. This is increasingly difficult because more and more people are further removed from rural lifestyles. Fewer immediate family members are involved in hunting or agriculture where the birth, care and death of animals are parts of daily life. Lessons from the farm are largely lost on today's generation, including hunters.
The fate of hunting will be influenced by at least three factors. First, hunters need to police their own ranks and not ignore questionable acts of other hunters. Secondly, hunters need to communicate more effectively with non-hunting groups. Lastly, to be sustainable, the sport needs new hunters.
Policing our ranks should not emphasize internal debates over archery, muzzle loader or rifle seasons or equipment choice. These things are minor compared to hunters holding one another accountable to ethical and high moral conduct. We can't ignore activities such as poaching and trespassing. Additionally, appropriate conduct extends to the concept of "fair chase" or avoiding the use of technology, gadgets or practices that gives unfair advantage to hunters over the animals being pursued.
Drs. Michael Nelson and Kelly Millenbah published an article in the fall 2009 issue of Wildlife Professional proposing that there may be more common ground between ethical hunters and non-hunters than either group thinks. They point out that, in the debate over the ethics of hunting, dialogue has been replaced by dogmatism, honesty by hostility and progress by platitudes. However, they suggest that a common ground exists: respect for animals. They go on to say that most anti-hunters simply want hunters to demonstrate respect for the animals they hunt and to acknowledge that animals have moral standing. They propose that "wildlife professionals and hunters could recognize the direct moral standing of animals and work to unite this recognition with the possibility of hunting and eating animals."
With the increasing commercialization of hunting and wildlife, the potential grows for this industry to substitute "entertainment" and a "positive experience" for traditional values and ethical concepts, such as fair chase. Some aspects of commercialization, e.g., canned hunts and gadgetry, will appeal to those who are shortsighted and are not vested in the outcome of hunting. Time in the field is at a premium and, with companies offering gadgets and canned hunts that promise increased odds of harvesting an animal... well, money talks.
Statistics show that hunter numbers are declining annually. Probable factors are too numerous to look into here. Traditionally, hunting has been a male-dominated activity, but this is changing. More and more women are taking up and enjoying hunting. In regards to youth, hunting seems to be overshadowed by video games, television, computers and organized activities such as sports and music. An increasing number of youth are not being taught that death is a part of life and that game animals are a renewable resource. It is important that youth and women become involved and participate in hunting and that hunting mentors teach them what fair chase and ethical conduct is all about.
Take a child hunting. Invite your spouse, sister, aunt or a neighbor to spend some time in the field to share your knowledge regarding the importance of respecting animals, hunting ethically, observing sportsmanship and maintaining wildlife habitat. Who is a better mentor than an ethical, knowledgeable and
conservationminded sportsman? The future of hunting depends on you.
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
There are about 12.5 million hunters over the age of 16 in the U.S. It is vital for hunters, both individually and as a group, to demonstrate that hunting is a moral and wholesome activity. This is increasingly difficult because more and more people are further removed from rural lifestyles. Fewer immediate family members are involved in hunting or agriculture where the birth, care and death of animals are parts of daily life. Lessons from the farm are largely lost on today's generation, including hunters.
The fate of hunting will be influenced by at least three factors. First, hunters need to police their own ranks and not ignore questionable acts of other hunters. Secondly, hunters need to communicate more effectively with non-hunting groups. Lastly, to be sustainable, the sport needs new hunters.
Policing our ranks should not emphasize internal debates over archery, muzzle loader or rifle seasons or equipment choice. These things are minor compared to hunters holding one another accountable to ethical and high moral conduct. We can't ignore activities such as poaching and trespassing. Additionally, appropriate conduct extends to the concept of "fair chase" or avoiding the use of technology, gadgets or practices that gives unfair advantage to hunters over the animals being pursued.
Drs. Michael Nelson and Kelly Millenbah published an article in the fall 2009 issue of Wildlife Professional proposing that there may be more common ground between ethical hunters and non-hunters than either group thinks. They point out that, in the debate over the ethics of hunting, dialogue has been replaced by dogmatism, honesty by hostility and progress by platitudes. However, they suggest that a common ground exists: respect for animals. They go on to say that most anti-hunters simply want hunters to demonstrate respect for the animals they hunt and to acknowledge that animals have moral standing. They propose that "wildlife professionals and hunters could recognize the direct moral standing of animals and work to unite this recognition with the possibility of hunting and eating animals."
With the increasing commercialization of hunting and wildlife, the potential grows for this industry to substitute "entertainment" and a "positive experience" for traditional values and ethical concepts, such as fair chase. Some aspects of commercialization, e.g., canned hunts and gadgetry, will appeal to those who are shortsighted and are not vested in the outcome of hunting. Time in the field is at a premium and, with companies offering gadgets and canned hunts that promise increased odds of harvesting an animal... well, money talks.
Statistics show that hunter numbers are declining annually. Probable factors are too numerous to look into here. Traditionally, hunting has been a male-dominated activity, but this is changing. More and more women are taking up and enjoying hunting. In regards to youth, hunting seems to be overshadowed by video games, television, computers and organized activities such as sports and music. An increasing number of youth are not being taught that death is a part of life and that game animals are a renewable resource. It is important that youth and women become involved and participate in hunting and that hunting mentors teach them what fair chase and ethical conduct is all about.
Take a child hunting. Invite your spouse, sister, aunt or a neighbor to spend some time in the field to share your knowledge regarding the importance of respecting animals, hunting ethically, observing sportsmanship and maintaining wildlife habitat. Who is a better mentor than an ethical, knowledgeable and
conservationminded sportsman? The future of hunting depends on you.
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Thursday, November 19, 2009
Chute N The Bull
As of Oct. 5, 2009, El Nino was still present across the equatorial
Pacific Ocean with sea surface temperatures at least 1° C above average
and expected to strengthen, lasting through the winter. This increases
our probability of having a cool, wet winter. Winter El Nino episodes
feature a strong jet stream and storm track across the southern part of
the United States as depicted in the figure.
Those of us who planted winter pasture this September are enjoying
excellent pasture conditions with stocking rates of 400-600 pounds of
beef per acre. This is likely the best fall you have seen since 1994.
Winter pasture will continue to grow for a little while as we move into
December. Once soil temperatures fall below 55-60° F, plant growth is
seriously inhibited, and what you have is about all you will see until
the soil begins to warm up again in the spring. As a rule of thumb, 90
percent of fall production occurs by December. This is a great time for
you to estimate reserve herd days to see if you will be under- or
overstocked for the next 90 days and adjust accordingly. For fallplanted
small grains, you will have approximately 150 lbs per acre-inch of
forage and need to figure on leaving a 3-inch stubble height. If you are
understocked, then animal gain will be maximized for the fall period and
range between 2-2.25 lbs of gain per head per day. If you are
overstocked, plan to feed a little along the way or simply expect
average daily gain to be slightly below 2 pounds.Those of you who will be grazing livestock on dry grass have already had
enough moisture this fall. Any additional moisture from
December-February only decreases the quality and quantity of available
standing forage. It is much easier to maintain a cow's body condition
during a dry winter as the grass remains more upright and is "stronger."
Increased humidity during the winter also adds to the chance of an
animal being out of its thermal comfort zone, which reduces its
performance. Unless you are grazing on native grass in good to excellent
condition, there is a high probability you will be feeding hay a little
sooner than normal or expect to lose a little more condition on your
cows. Even if you are grazing on standing native grass in excellent
condition, you might plan to feed a supplement high in energy after Jan.
1 to help maintain body condition on your cows.
You can find this and past articles on the web at
http://www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com/ for your reference. Extension
programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race,
color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M
University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County
Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless
of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or
national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Pacific Ocean with sea surface temperatures at least 1° C above average
and expected to strengthen, lasting through the winter. This increases
our probability of having a cool, wet winter. Winter El Nino episodes
feature a strong jet stream and storm track across the southern part of
the United States as depicted in the figure.
Those of us who planted winter pasture this September are enjoying
excellent pasture conditions with stocking rates of 400-600 pounds of
beef per acre. This is likely the best fall you have seen since 1994.
Winter pasture will continue to grow for a little while as we move into
December. Once soil temperatures fall below 55-60° F, plant growth is
seriously inhibited, and what you have is about all you will see until
the soil begins to warm up again in the spring. As a rule of thumb, 90
percent of fall production occurs by December. This is a great time for
you to estimate reserve herd days to see if you will be under- or
overstocked for the next 90 days and adjust accordingly. For fallplanted
small grains, you will have approximately 150 lbs per acre-inch of
forage and need to figure on leaving a 3-inch stubble height. If you are
understocked, then animal gain will be maximized for the fall period and
range between 2-2.25 lbs of gain per head per day. If you are
overstocked, plan to feed a little along the way or simply expect
average daily gain to be slightly below 2 pounds.Those of you who will be grazing livestock on dry grass have already had
enough moisture this fall. Any additional moisture from
December-February only decreases the quality and quantity of available
standing forage. It is much easier to maintain a cow's body condition
during a dry winter as the grass remains more upright and is "stronger."
Increased humidity during the winter also adds to the chance of an
animal being out of its thermal comfort zone, which reduces its
performance. Unless you are grazing on native grass in good to excellent
condition, there is a high probability you will be feeding hay a little
sooner than normal or expect to lose a little more condition on your
cows. Even if you are grazing on standing native grass in excellent
condition, you might plan to feed a supplement high in energy after Jan.
1 to help maintain body condition on your cows.
You can find this and past articles on the web at
http://www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com/ for your reference. Extension
programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race,
color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M
University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County
Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless
of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or
national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Monday, November 2, 2009
Chute N The Bull
People who study change and its causes have observed that change is
often caused by a disturbance. Production agriculture is in a period of
rapid change, with an economic environment that many have never
experienced. If the agricultural industry is changing, what has been the
disturbance? A few of the disturbances are the Renewable Fuels Standard,
higher incomes in the highly populated countries of China and India, a
lower value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies and higher
oil prices. These "disturbances" are causing us to change the way we
produce food and fiber.
No other sector in production agriculture has felt these disturbances
more than the cow-calf sector. Corn, the primary ingredient for
finishing cattle, has tripled in price in only a few short years. Corn
prices have influenced other feed inputs, such as byproduct and protein
feeds. This has escalated prices, causing the cost of gain in feed yards
to double. This phenomenon is causing cattle feeders to bid less for
calves and yearlings, thus lowering revenue to cow-calf producers.
Prices for fertilizer and fuel have also soared. Add in the increases in
steel prices for T-posts and barbed wire, and one can quickly see that
cow-calf producers, especially those who rely heavily on introduced
forages, are in a bind.
The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, an agency that
develops long-term projections for agricultural commodities, foresees
negative cow-calf profitability for the five years starting with 2008.1
They predict profitability to decline to a low in 2010, with a $70 loss
per cow. This is a considerable difference from the $150 per cow profit
experienced during 2004 and 2005.
So is there anything cow-calf producers can do to increase their chances
of survival over the next five years? The answer is yes. There are
several possibilities, some of which will be more reasonable to
incorporate than others. In the end, each producer will need to analyze
his or her own situation and determine which changes are the most
logical and economical.
There are two basic components that determine profit - revenues and
costs. One producer may choose to concentrate on the revenue side while
another producer may choose to concentrate on the cost side or even work
on both revenues and costs. There are a couple of production practice
changes that seem most applicable to all producers. One of these is
applying fertilizer to introduced forages, i.e., bermudagrass, for the
purpose of providing enough forage to graze another cow. Unless a
cow-calf producer is producing animals that have some kind of added
value substantially above the commodity price, then it is unlikely they
can afford to purchase any nitrogen fertilizer, much less phosphorus. It
may be justified in the short run to apply fertilizer to allow for an
orderly plan of partial destocking of the breeding herd rather than have
a fire sale. Otherwise, cow-calf producers need to consider running
fewer cows and fertilizing less, if at all.
Another potential area to add profitability is to grow calves to heavier
weights. Historically, value of gain has been in the range of 50¢ to 60¢
per pound. Today's market is roughly paying $1 per pound. High cost of
gain in feed yards is causing them to place heavier calves. This has
driven up the price of 800- to 900-pound calves relative to 500- to
700-pound calves. The market is giving cow-calf producers a strong
signal to add weight to calves with grass. In many situations, the added
value of gain will even justify the use of fertilizer.
Many choices exist for cow-calf producers to incorporate new or
different production practices in order to survive the next five years.
Necessity is a huge motivator for creativity and invention. Agricultural
producers are among the best at facing change and I am optimistic about
the future. You can find this and past articles on the web at
http://www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com/ for your reference. Extension
programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M
University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County
Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless
of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or
national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
often caused by a disturbance. Production agriculture is in a period of
rapid change, with an economic environment that many have never
experienced. If the agricultural industry is changing, what has been the
disturbance? A few of the disturbances are the Renewable Fuels Standard,
higher incomes in the highly populated countries of China and India, a
lower value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies and higher
oil prices. These "disturbances" are causing us to change the way we
produce food and fiber.
No other sector in production agriculture has felt these disturbances
more than the cow-calf sector. Corn, the primary ingredient for
finishing cattle, has tripled in price in only a few short years. Corn
prices have influenced other feed inputs, such as byproduct and protein
feeds. This has escalated prices, causing the cost of gain in feed yards
to double. This phenomenon is causing cattle feeders to bid less for
calves and yearlings, thus lowering revenue to cow-calf producers.
Prices for fertilizer and fuel have also soared. Add in the increases in
steel prices for T-posts and barbed wire, and one can quickly see that
cow-calf producers, especially those who rely heavily on introduced
forages, are in a bind.
The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, an agency that
develops long-term projections for agricultural commodities, foresees
negative cow-calf profitability for the five years starting with 2008.1
They predict profitability to decline to a low in 2010, with a $70 loss
per cow. This is a considerable difference from the $150 per cow profit
experienced during 2004 and 2005.
So is there anything cow-calf producers can do to increase their chances
of survival over the next five years? The answer is yes. There are
several possibilities, some of which will be more reasonable to
incorporate than others. In the end, each producer will need to analyze
his or her own situation and determine which changes are the most
logical and economical.
There are two basic components that determine profit - revenues and
costs. One producer may choose to concentrate on the revenue side while
another producer may choose to concentrate on the cost side or even work
on both revenues and costs. There are a couple of production practice
changes that seem most applicable to all producers. One of these is
applying fertilizer to introduced forages, i.e., bermudagrass, for the
purpose of providing enough forage to graze another cow. Unless a
cow-calf producer is producing animals that have some kind of added
value substantially above the commodity price, then it is unlikely they
can afford to purchase any nitrogen fertilizer, much less phosphorus. It
may be justified in the short run to apply fertilizer to allow for an
orderly plan of partial destocking of the breeding herd rather than have
a fire sale. Otherwise, cow-calf producers need to consider running
fewer cows and fertilizing less, if at all.
Another potential area to add profitability is to grow calves to heavier
weights. Historically, value of gain has been in the range of 50¢ to 60¢
per pound. Today's market is roughly paying $1 per pound. High cost of
gain in feed yards is causing them to place heavier calves. This has
driven up the price of 800- to 900-pound calves relative to 500- to
700-pound calves. The market is giving cow-calf producers a strong
signal to add weight to calves with grass. In many situations, the added
value of gain will even justify the use of fertilizer.
Many choices exist for cow-calf producers to incorporate new or
different production practices in order to survive the next five years.
Necessity is a huge motivator for creativity and invention. Agricultural
producers are among the best at facing change and I am optimistic about
the future. You can find this and past articles on the web at
http://www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com/ for your reference. Extension
programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M
University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County
Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless
of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or
national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
Chute N The Bull
Can You Eat Your Jack-o-lantern Pumpkin?
It's fall and thoughts turn to pumpkin pie and to Halloween jack-o-lanterns. But, can you use a pumpkin for BOTH a jack-o-lantern AND for eating?
Young children can enjoy creating jack-o-lanterns by drawing the eyes and mouth on the pumpkins with markers, They can be creative and have a good time and the pumpkin is still safe for eating.
Pumpkin pie tastes great this time of year and is also an excellent source of nutrients. The bright orange color of pumpkin is a dead giveaway that pumpkin is loaded with an important antioxidant, beta-carotene. Current research indicates that a diet rich in foods containing beta-carotene may reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer and offers protect against heart disease. Beta-carotene offers protection against other diseases as well as some degenerative aspects of aging.
Here are some tips from the University of Illinois on preparing a pumpkin for making pumpkin pie (http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/pumpkins/selection.html). Work on a clean surface. Before cutting, wash the outer surface of the pumpkin thoroughly with cool tap water to remove any surface dirt that could be transferred to the inside of the pumpkin during cutting.
Preparing the Pumpkin
Start by removing the stem with a sharp knife. Cut in half with a sharp knife. In any case, remove the stem and scoop out the seeds and scrape away all of the stringy mass. A messy job, but it will pay off.
Cooking the Pumpkin
Boiling/Steaming Method: Cut the pumpkin into rather large chunks. Rinse in cold water. Place pieces in a large pot with about a cup of water. The water does not need to cover the pumpkin pieces. Cover the pot and boil 20 to 30 minutes or until tender, or steam 10 to 12 minutes. Check for doneness by poking with a fork. Drain the cooked pumpkin in a colander. Reserve the liquid to use as a base for soup. Follow the steps outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
Oven Method: Cut pumpkin in half, scraping away stringy mass and seeds. Rinse under cold water. Place pumpkin, cut side down on a large cookie sheet. Bake at 350 degrees F for one hour or until fork tender. Then follow the procedure outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
Microwave Method: Cut pumpkin in half, place cut side down on a microwave safe plate or tray. Microwave on high for 15 minutes, check for doneness. If necessary continue cooking at 1-2 minute intervals until fork tender. Continue as outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
When the pumpkin is cool enough to handle, remove the peel using a small sharp knife and your fingers. Put the peeled pumpkin in a food processor and puree or use a food mill, ricer, strainer or potato masher to form a puree.
Pumpkin puree freezes well. To freeze, measure cooled puree into one cup portions, place in ridged freezer containers, leaving 1/2-inch headspace or pack into zip closure bags. Label, date, and freeze at 0 degrees F for up to one year. (NOTE: Transfer hot foods to shallow containers to speed cooling. You can place loosely covered foods in the refrigerator while still warm; cover when food is completely cooled.) Use this puree in recipes or substitute in the same amount in any recipe calling for solid pack canned pumpkin.
NOTE: Don't let your cooked pumpkin set at room temperature longer than two hours in the process of making puree. You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
It's fall and thoughts turn to pumpkin pie and to Halloween jack-o-lanterns. But, can you use a pumpkin for BOTH a jack-o-lantern AND for eating?
Young children can enjoy creating jack-o-lanterns by drawing the eyes and mouth on the pumpkins with markers, They can be creative and have a good time and the pumpkin is still safe for eating.
Pumpkin pie tastes great this time of year and is also an excellent source of nutrients. The bright orange color of pumpkin is a dead giveaway that pumpkin is loaded with an important antioxidant, beta-carotene. Current research indicates that a diet rich in foods containing beta-carotene may reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer and offers protect against heart disease. Beta-carotene offers protection against other diseases as well as some degenerative aspects of aging.
Here are some tips from the University of Illinois on preparing a pumpkin for making pumpkin pie (http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/pumpkins/selection.html). Work on a clean surface. Before cutting, wash the outer surface of the pumpkin thoroughly with cool tap water to remove any surface dirt that could be transferred to the inside of the pumpkin during cutting.
Preparing the Pumpkin
Start by removing the stem with a sharp knife. Cut in half with a sharp knife. In any case, remove the stem and scoop out the seeds and scrape away all of the stringy mass. A messy job, but it will pay off.
Cooking the Pumpkin
Boiling/Steaming Method: Cut the pumpkin into rather large chunks. Rinse in cold water. Place pieces in a large pot with about a cup of water. The water does not need to cover the pumpkin pieces. Cover the pot and boil 20 to 30 minutes or until tender, or steam 10 to 12 minutes. Check for doneness by poking with a fork. Drain the cooked pumpkin in a colander. Reserve the liquid to use as a base for soup. Follow the steps outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
Oven Method: Cut pumpkin in half, scraping away stringy mass and seeds. Rinse under cold water. Place pumpkin, cut side down on a large cookie sheet. Bake at 350 degrees F for one hour or until fork tender. Then follow the procedure outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
Microwave Method: Cut pumpkin in half, place cut side down on a microwave safe plate or tray. Microwave on high for 15 minutes, check for doneness. If necessary continue cooking at 1-2 minute intervals until fork tender. Continue as outlined below in Preparing the Puree.
When the pumpkin is cool enough to handle, remove the peel using a small sharp knife and your fingers. Put the peeled pumpkin in a food processor and puree or use a food mill, ricer, strainer or potato masher to form a puree.
Pumpkin puree freezes well. To freeze, measure cooled puree into one cup portions, place in ridged freezer containers, leaving 1/2-inch headspace or pack into zip closure bags. Label, date, and freeze at 0 degrees F for up to one year. (NOTE: Transfer hot foods to shallow containers to speed cooling. You can place loosely covered foods in the refrigerator while still warm; cover when food is completely cooled.) Use this puree in recipes or substitute in the same amount in any recipe calling for solid pack canned pumpkin.
NOTE: Don't let your cooked pumpkin set at room temperature longer than two hours in the process of making puree. You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Monday, October 19, 2009
Chute n The Bull 10/15/09
Preventive and corrective maintenance for tractors and other equipment is a routine on the farm. Preventive maintenance is conducted to keep equipment working and/or extend the life of the equipment while corrective maintenance, sometimes called repair, gets equipment working again. From a soil and crops perspective, let's look at some maintenance that needs to be performed on your operation.
Scouting your crops is important. Don't forget that you are not only in the cattle business - you are marketing your forage crop through your cattle. It is therefore just as important to take care of the pastures and fields as it is your cattle. How long has it been since you have been through your pastures walking, riding or four-wheeling to scout your forage crop? (Going down the road at 45 mph and looking out the windshield of your vehicle doesn't count.) Where are your problem areas? Do you have low spots? Do you have weeds you can control before they get out of hand? Do you need to increase or reduce your fertilization next year? All of these are questions to ponder while scouting your pastures. Consider scouting your forage crop every three to five weeks.
Soil testing can either be preventive or corrective maintenance. Pull a composite soil sample at least once every three years or six months after a lime application (whichever comes first). If you are producing large amounts of hay, consider going to a two-year soil testing regimen. Divide your pastures into management areas by changes in soil types, forage yields, number of weeds, etc. This can assist you in targeting your fertilizer dollar to your most productive fields first. Soil testing is especially important in a hay situation because for every ton of bermudagrass hay that you harvest from your property, you are removing approximately 46 pounds of actual nitrogen, 12 pounds of phosphorus (P2O5) and 50 pounds of potassium (K2O). You may be "starving" your plants of phosphorus and potassium (potash). This can lead to stand reduction and reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
How long has it been since you have performed some preventive maintenance on your sprayers? Handheld, backpack, four-wheeler, tractor sprayers - they all need to be checked and calibrated before use, and checked and winterized before winter storage. For more information on winterizing, please read "Take Time To Winterize Sprayers" on our Web site at www.noble.org/Ag/SuburbanAgriculture/WinterizeSprayers.
If you have a restricted use pesticide license, make sure that you keep up with your training to earn continuing education units (CEUs). Think of the license as a cost of doing business. One of the benefits of keeping up with your training is that you will learn about new products that are better suited to your operation.
Keep up with new products during the slow times of the year. Subscribe to one or more of the trade journals, but remember not to believe everything that you read. Call and visit with your soil and crops consultant if you have questions or want to verify information.
Finally, think safety. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) says, "Agriculture ranks among the most hazardous industries." Ranchers and farmers are at risk for both fatal and non-fatal injuries. Skin disease and heat exhaustion are just a couple of safety risks to consider, so plan to wear a hat and sunscreen when you work outdoors and drink plenty of water.
By doing just a little preventive and corrective maintenance, we can keep our land producing high-yielding forages, maximize the efficiency of our equipment, update ourselves on new technology and stay healthy in the process. You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
Scouting your crops is important. Don't forget that you are not only in the cattle business - you are marketing your forage crop through your cattle. It is therefore just as important to take care of the pastures and fields as it is your cattle. How long has it been since you have been through your pastures walking, riding or four-wheeling to scout your forage crop? (Going down the road at 45 mph and looking out the windshield of your vehicle doesn't count.) Where are your problem areas? Do you have low spots? Do you have weeds you can control before they get out of hand? Do you need to increase or reduce your fertilization next year? All of these are questions to ponder while scouting your pastures. Consider scouting your forage crop every three to five weeks.
Soil testing can either be preventive or corrective maintenance. Pull a composite soil sample at least once every three years or six months after a lime application (whichever comes first). If you are producing large amounts of hay, consider going to a two-year soil testing regimen. Divide your pastures into management areas by changes in soil types, forage yields, number of weeds, etc. This can assist you in targeting your fertilizer dollar to your most productive fields first. Soil testing is especially important in a hay situation because for every ton of bermudagrass hay that you harvest from your property, you are removing approximately 46 pounds of actual nitrogen, 12 pounds of phosphorus (P2O5) and 50 pounds of potassium (K2O). You may be "starving" your plants of phosphorus and potassium (potash). This can lead to stand reduction and reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
How long has it been since you have performed some preventive maintenance on your sprayers? Handheld, backpack, four-wheeler, tractor sprayers - they all need to be checked and calibrated before use, and checked and winterized before winter storage. For more information on winterizing, please read "Take Time To Winterize Sprayers" on our Web site at www.noble.org/Ag/SuburbanAgriculture/WinterizeSprayers.
If you have a restricted use pesticide license, make sure that you keep up with your training to earn continuing education units (CEUs). Think of the license as a cost of doing business. One of the benefits of keeping up with your training is that you will learn about new products that are better suited to your operation.
Keep up with new products during the slow times of the year. Subscribe to one or more of the trade journals, but remember not to believe everything that you read. Call and visit with your soil and crops consultant if you have questions or want to verify information.
Finally, think safety. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) says, "Agriculture ranks among the most hazardous industries." Ranchers and farmers are at risk for both fatal and non-fatal injuries. Skin disease and heat exhaustion are just a couple of safety risks to consider, so plan to wear a hat and sunscreen when you work outdoors and drink plenty of water.
By doing just a little preventive and corrective maintenance, we can keep our land producing high-yielding forages, maximize the efficiency of our equipment, update ourselves on new technology and stay healthy in the process. You can find this and past articles on the web at www.mycountrytractor.blogspot.com for your reference. Extension programs serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating serve of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating
Thank you,
Tommy Neyland
County Extension Agent
Texas Agrilife Extension Service
P.O. Box 188
Centerville, Texas 75833
903.536.2531 phone
903.536.3804 fax
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